/* Ibaadur Rahman Writings — public site. Colours come only from tokens.css. */

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-padding-top: 5rem; }
body { margin: 0; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: var(--step-0); line-height: 1.6; font-weight: 400; }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
a { color: var(--accent); text-underline-offset: .2em; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; transition: color var(--dur); }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-strong); }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--focus); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 2px; }
h1, h2, h3 { margin: 0; }
p { margin: 0; }
:lang(ar) { font-family: var(--f-ar); }
:lang(ur) { font-family: var(--f-ur); }
:lang(hi) { font-family: var(--f-hi); }
:lang(ta) { font-family: var(--f-ta); }
.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
.skip { position: absolute; inset-inline-start: var(--s4); top: -4rem; z-index: 300; background: var(--brand-gold); color: var(--on-gold); padding: var(--s3) var(--s4); border-radius: var(--r-btn); font-weight: 600; }
.skip:focus { top: var(--s3); }
.wrap { width: min(100% - 2rem, var(--wide)); margin-inline: auto; }
.measure { width: min(100% - 2rem, var(--measure)); margin-inline: auto; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { *, *::before, *::after { transition: none !important; animation: none !important; scroll-behavior: auto !important; } }

/* ---- buttons ---- */
.btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: var(--s2); min-height: 48px; padding: 0 var(--s6); border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: var(--r-btn); font: 600 .75rem/1 var(--f-ui); letter-spacing: .13em; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; transition: background var(--dur), color var(--dur), border-color var(--dur); }
.btn-gold { background: var(--brand-gold); color: var(--on-gold); }
.btn-gold:hover { background: var(--brand-gold-light); color: var(--on-gold); }
.btn-accent { background: var(--accent); color: var(--paper); }
.btn-accent:hover { background: var(--accent-strong); color: var(--paper); }
.btn-outline { background: transparent; color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); }
.btn-outline:hover { background: var(--accent); color: var(--paper); }
.btn-ghost { background: transparent; color: var(--on-deep); border-color: var(--on-deep-muted); }
.btn-ghost:hover { border-color: var(--brand-gold-light); color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
.btn-sm { min-height: 40px; padding: 0 var(--s4); }
.icon { width: 1.125rem; height: 1.125rem; flex: none; }

/* ---- header: same structure and styles as the book site (styles.css) ---- */
.deep { background: var(--brand-deep); color: var(--on-deep); }
body { padding-top: 64px; }
.site-nav { position: fixed; inset: 0 0 auto 0; z-index: 200; height: 64px; padding: 0 max(5vw, 1.5rem); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: var(--s5);
  background: var(--nav-bg); backdrop-filter: blur(16px) saturate(140%); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px) saturate(140%); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); }
.nav-logo { font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: 1.04rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--brand-gold-light); text-decoration: none; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .6rem; white-space: nowrap; }
.nav-logo:hover { color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
.nav-logo svg { width: 26px; height: 26px; flex-shrink: 0; transform: translateY(-.063em); }
.nav-sub { font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .62rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--on-deep-soft); border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); padding-inline-start: .6rem; }
.nav-links { display: flex; gap: 2.1rem; list-style: none; align-items: center; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.nav-links a { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--on-deep-soft); text-decoration: none; position: relative; padding: .2rem 0; transition: color .25s; }
.nav-links a::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 100%; bottom: -2px; height: 1px; background: var(--brand-gold-light); transition: right .3s ease; }
.nav-links a:hover, .nav-links a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
.nav-links a:hover::after, .nav-links a[aria-current="page"]::after { right: 0; }
.nav-end { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--s2); }
.nav-buy-btn { padding: .55rem 1.3rem; background: var(--brand-gold); color: var(--on-gold); font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; border-radius: var(--r-btn); white-space: nowrap; transition: background .25s; }
.nav-buy-btn:hover { background: var(--brand-gold-light); color: var(--on-gold); }
.theme-btn { width: 40px; height: 40px; display: grid; place-items: center; background: none; border: 0; color: var(--brand-gold-light); cursor: pointer; }
.hamburger { display: none; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 5px; width: 44px; height: 44px; cursor: pointer; background: none; border: none; padding: 0; }
.hamburger span { display: block; width: 23px; height: 1.5px; background: var(--brand-gold-light); border-radius: 2px; transition: transform .3s, opacity .3s; }
.hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(1) { transform: translateY(6.5px) rotate(45deg); }
.hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
.hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-6.5px) rotate(-45deg); }
#mobile-menu { position: fixed; top: 64px; inset-inline: 0; z-index: 199; background: var(--brand-deep-2); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); padding: 1.2rem max(5vw, 1.5rem) 1.8rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
#mobile-menu[hidden] { display: none; }
#mobile-menu a { font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .13em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--on-deep); text-decoration: none; padding: .85rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); }
#mobile-menu a:last-child { border-bottom: none; color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
@media (max-width: 1140px) { .nav-links { gap: 1.4rem; } }
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .site-nav nav, .nav-sub { display: none; }
  .hamburger { display: flex; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .site-nav { gap: var(--s2); padding: 0 .25rem 0 .875rem; }
  .nav-logo { min-width: 0; font-size: .95rem; letter-spacing: .03em; }
  .nav-logo span { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
  .nav-end { gap: 0; flex-shrink: 0; }
  .theme-btn { width: 36px; }
  .nav-buy-btn { padding: .45rem .7rem; font-size: .62rem; letter-spacing: .1em; }
}

/* sticky book bar (the book site's .buybar) */
.buybar { position: fixed; inset-inline: 0; bottom: 0; z-index: 180; background: var(--nav-bg); backdrop-filter: blur(14px) saturate(140%); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px) saturate(140%); border-top: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); transform: translateY(100%); transition: transform .35s ease; box-shadow: var(--shadow-2); }
.buybar.show { transform: none; }
.buybar[hidden] { display: none; }
.buybar-in { max-width: var(--wide); margin: 0 auto; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; padding: .7rem max(5vw, 1.1rem); }
.buybar-in img { width: 34px; border-radius: 2px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.bb-txt { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.25; min-width: 0; margin-inline-end: auto; }
.bb-t { font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--brand-gold-light); white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
.bb-p { font-size: .76rem; color: var(--on-deep-soft); white-space: nowrap; }
.bb-cta { min-height: 40px; padding: 0 1.5rem; font-size: .68rem; flex-shrink: 0; }
.bb-close { width: 36px; height: 36px; border: 0; background: none; color: var(--on-deep-soft); font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer; flex-shrink: 0; }
.bb-close:hover { color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
body.has-buybar .footer-bottom { padding-bottom: 4.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 420px) { .buybar-in { gap: .7rem; padding: .6rem 1rem; } .buybar-in img { display: none; } .bb-cta { padding: 0 1rem; } }

/* ---- labels ---- */
.eyebrow { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--s3); font-size: .6875rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .26em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); }
.eyebrow::before { content: ""; width: 26px; height: 1px; background: var(--brand-gold); }
.deep .eyebrow, .eyebrow.on-deep { color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
.eyebrow.center::after { content: ""; width: 26px; height: 1px; background: var(--brand-gold); }
.badge { display: inline-block; font-size: .6875rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; padding: .3rem .625rem; border-radius: var(--r-pill); background: var(--accent-tint); color: var(--accent-strong); }
.meta { font-size: .875rem; color: var(--muted); }
.deep .meta { color: var(--on-deep-muted); }
.deep .meta a, .deep .dateline a { color: var(--on-deep); }
em.gold { color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
em.accent { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---- home hero ---- */
.hero-wrap { position: relative; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate; }
.hero-bg { position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -2; background: url("/brand/hero-bg.jpg") center 26% / cover; transform: scale(1.06); }
.hero-veil { position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; background: linear-gradient(118deg, var(--veil-a) 0%, var(--veil-b) 42%, var(--veil-c) 100%), radial-gradient(120% 90% at 80% 20%, var(--veil-glow), transparent 55%); }
.hero-veil.strong { background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--veil-strong) 0%, var(--veil-a) 60%, var(--veil-strong) 100%); }
.hero-wrap .hero { min-height: min(78vh, 46rem); }
/* Home hero melts into the page: the photo and its veil fade out over the
   last stretch, revealing the page colour beneath (cream in light mode, dark
   green in dark mode). No grey band, and the layout is unchanged. */
.hero-fade { padding-bottom: 9rem; background: var(--paper); }
.hero-fade .hero-bg, .hero-fade .hero-veil { -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0, #000 calc(100% - 15rem), transparent 100%); mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0, #000 calc(100% - 15rem), transparent 100%); }
.hero-fade::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset-inline: 0; bottom: 0; height: 16rem; z-index: -1; pointer-events: none; background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 0%, var(--paper) 92%); opacity: 0; }
:root[data-theme="dark"] .hero-fade::after { opacity: 1; }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .hero-fade::after { opacity: 1; } }
.hero-fade + .continue, .hero-fade ~ .latest { position: relative; }
.list.list-thumbs li { grid-template-columns: 4.5rem minmax(0, 1fr) auto; align-items: start; column-gap: var(--s5); }
.thumb { display: block; width: 4.5rem; height: 4.5rem; border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; margin-top: .3rem; }
.thumb img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.tile { display: grid; place-items: center; position: relative; color: var(--brand-gold-light); text-decoration: none; }
.tile::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: .45rem; border: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); border-radius: 2px; }
.tile span { font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: 2.4rem; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; }
.tile span:lang(ar), .tile span:lang(ur) { font-family: var(--f-ar); font-size: 2rem; }
.tile.tone-1 { background: var(--tile-1); } .tile.tone-2 { background: var(--tile-2); } .tile.tone-3 { background: var(--tile-3); } .tile.tone-4 { background: var(--tile-4); }
@media (max-width: 600px) { .list.list-thumbs li { grid-template-columns: 3.5rem minmax(0, 1fr); } .list.list-thumbs .date { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; order: 0; } .list.list-thumbs > li > div { grid-column: 2; } .thumb { width: 3.5rem; height: 3.5rem; } .tile span { font-size: 1.8rem; } }

.hero { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(0, 4fr); gap: var(--s8); align-items: end; padding-block: var(--s8) var(--s9); }
.also-new { border-top: 1px solid var(--brand-gold); padding-top: var(--s4); display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s3); }
.also-new h2 { margin: 0; }
.also-new ol { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.also-new li { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s1); padding-block: var(--s4); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); }
.also-new .kind { font-size: .6875rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
.also-new li a { font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: 1.375rem; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--on-deep); text-decoration: none; }
.also-new li a:hover { color: var(--brand-gold-light); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
.also-new li a:lang(ar), .also-new li a:lang(ur) { font-family: var(--f-ar); line-height: 1.7; font-size: 1.2rem; }
.also-new .by { font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--on-deep-muted); }
.also-new .also-all { align-self: flex-start; font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--brand-gold-light); text-decoration: none; padding-block: var(--s2); }
.also-new .also-all::after { content: " ↓"; }
.hero-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s5); }
.hero h1 { font-family: var(--f-display); font-weight: 500; font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 1.4rem + 2.6vw, 3.6rem); line-height: 1.06; letter-spacing: -.01em; max-width: 22ch; }
.hero h1 a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.hero .lede { font-family: var(--f-text); font-size: var(--step-1); line-height: 1.6; color: var(--on-deep-muted); max-width: 36rem; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 4; line-clamp: 4; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
.hero .actions { display: flex; gap: var(--s3); flex-wrap: wrap; }
.cover-frame { aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); overflow: hidden; background: var(--brand-deep-2); }
.cover-frame img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.cover-frame.empty { display: grid; place-items: center; }
.cover-frame.empty svg { width: 30%; color: var(--brand-gold); opacity: .5; }
.dateline { font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--on-deep-muted); }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: var(--s6); padding-block: var(--s6) var(--s7); } .hero h1 { max-width: none; } }

.continue { background: var(--surface-2); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.continue[hidden] { display: none; }
.continue .wrap { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: var(--s3) var(--s5); padding-block: var(--s3); font-size: .875rem; }
.continue a { font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.continue .bar { width: 64px; height: 3px; background: var(--line); border-radius: 2px; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; }
.continue .bar span { display: block; height: 100%; background: var(--brand-gold); }
.continue .clear { margin-inline-start: auto; color: var(--muted); font-size: .75rem; }
.continue button { background: none; border: 0; color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; cursor: pointer; font: inherit; padding: var(--s1); }

/* ---- sections ---- */
.section { padding-block: var(--s8); }
.section-title { font-family: var(--f-display); font-weight: 500; font-size: var(--step-4); line-height: 1.08; }
.latest { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 16rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: var(--s8); }
.latest-side { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s4); align-self: start; }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .latest { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: var(--s5); } }
.chips { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--s2); }
.chip { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 40px; padding: 0 var(--s4); border-radius: var(--r-pill); border: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-size: .8125rem; }
.chip:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }
.chip[aria-current="true"] { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); border-color: var(--ink); }
.list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; gap: var(--s5); align-items: baseline; padding-block: var(--s5); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.list .kind { font-size: .6875rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); }
.list .title { display: block; margin-block: var(--s1); font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: var(--step-3); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.list .title:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.list .title:lang(ar), .list .title:lang(ur) { font-family: var(--f-ar); font-size: var(--step-2); line-height: 1.7; }
.list .date { font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--muted); white-space: nowrap; }
@media (max-width: 600px) { .list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: var(--s1); } .list .date { order: -1; } }
.empty-note { padding: var(--s6); border: 1px dashed var(--line-strong); border-radius: var(--r-card); color: var(--muted); }

.cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(17rem, 1fr)); gap: var(--s5); }
.card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s2); padding: var(--s5); background: var(--surface); border-radius: var(--r-card); box-shadow: var(--shadow-1); color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.card:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--ink); }
.card .t { font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; }

.book-band { background: var(--brand-deep); color: var(--on-deep); padding-block: var(--s8); }
.book-band .wrap { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 13rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: var(--s8); align-items: center; max-width: 62rem; }
.book-band img { width: 13rem; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-2); }
.book-band h2 { font-family: var(--f-display); font-weight: 500; font-size: var(--step-4); line-height: 1.05; }
.book-band .sub { font-family: var(--f-display); font-style: italic; font-size: var(--step-2); color: var(--on-deep-muted); }
.book-band .inner { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s4); }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .book-band .wrap { grid-template-columns: 7rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: var(--s5); } .book-band img { width: 7rem; } }

.news-band { background: var(--surface-2); padding-block: var(--s8); text-align: center; }
.news-band .measure { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: var(--s4); }
.subscribe-form { display: flex; gap: var(--s2); width: 100%; max-width: 30rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.subscribe-form input[type="email"] { flex: 1 1 14rem; }
.consent { display: flex; gap: var(--s2); align-items: flex-start; text-align: start; font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--ink-2); max-width: 30rem; }
.consent input { width: 20px; height: 20px; margin: 2px 0 0; accent-color: var(--accent); flex: none; }
.hp { position: absolute; inset-inline-start: -10000px; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; }

/* ---- forms ---- */
.field { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s2); font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 500; }
input[type="text"], input[type="email"], input[type="search"], textarea, select { min-height: 48px; padding: 0 var(--s3); border: 1px solid var(--line-strong); border-radius: var(--r-input); background: var(--surface); color: var(--ink); font: 400 1rem var(--f-ui); }
textarea { padding: var(--s3); min-height: 8rem; resize: vertical; }
.notice { padding: var(--s4) var(--s5); border-radius: var(--r-card); border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--surface); }
.notice.ok { border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-tint); }
.notice.err { border-color: var(--danger); background: var(--danger-tint); }
.form-stack { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s4); }
fieldset.plain { border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; min-width: 0; }
fieldset.plain legend { padding: 0; margin-bottom: var(--s2); }

/* ---- footer: the book site's footer ---- */
.site-foot { position: relative; background: var(--brand-deep-3); padding: 4.5rem max(5vw, 1.5rem) 2rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); }
.site-foot::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); width: 120px; height: 1px; background: var(--brand-gold); }
.footer-inner { max-width: var(--wide); margin: 0 auto; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 2.5rem; justify-content: space-between; }
.footer-brand-col { max-width: 320px; }
.footer-mark { display: block; margin-bottom: 1.15rem; }
.footer-mark img { width: 232px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
.footer-tagline { font-size: .82rem; color: var(--foot-faint); line-height: 1.7; }
.footer-place { font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--foot-faint); margin-top: 1rem; }
.footer-links { display: flex; gap: 4rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.footer-col h2 { font-size: .66rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--brand-gold); margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.footer-col a { display: block; font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.4; color: var(--foot-muted); text-decoration: none; padding: .3rem 0; margin-bottom: .2rem; transition: color .2s, padding-left .2s; }
.footer-col a:hover { color: var(--brand-gold-light); padding-left: 3px; }
.footer-bottom { max-width: var(--wide); margin: 3rem auto 0; padding-top: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--on-deep-line); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .6rem; font-size: .73rem; color: var(--foot-faint); letter-spacing: .03em; }
.footer-isbn { color: var(--foot-faint); text-decoration: none; }
.footer-isbn:hover { color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .footer-inner { flex-direction: column; }
  .footer-links { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1.1rem; align-items: start; }
  .footer-col h2 { margin-bottom: .7rem; letter-spacing: .12em; font-size: .6rem; }
  .footer-col a { font-size: .84rem; padding: .45rem 0; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; }
  .footer-mark img { width: 200px; }
}

/* ---- article ---- */
.art-head { padding-block: var(--s8) var(--s7); text-align: center; }
.art-head .measure { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: var(--s5); max-width: 54rem; }
.art-head h1 { font-family: var(--f-display); font-weight: 500; font-size: var(--step-5); line-height: 1.06; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.art-head h1:lang(ar), .art-head h1:lang(ur) { font-family: var(--f-ar); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0; }
.art-head h1:lang(ur) { font-family: var(--f-ur); line-height: 2; }
.byline { font-size: .9375rem; color: var(--on-deep-muted); }
.byline a { color: var(--on-deep); font-weight: 600; }
.lang-switch { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: var(--s2); }
.lang-switch a { min-height: 40px; padding: 0 var(--s4); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; border-radius: var(--r-btn); border: 1px solid var(--on-deep-muted); color: var(--on-deep); text-decoration: none; font-size: .875rem; }
.lang-switch a[aria-current="page"] { background: var(--brand-gold); color: var(--on-gold); border-color: var(--brand-gold); font-weight: 600; }
.progress { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 40; height: 3px; background: var(--line); }
.progress span { display: block; height: 100%; width: 0; background: var(--brand-gold); }
.art-cover { max-width: 66rem; margin: var(--s7) auto 0; padding-inline: var(--s4); }
.art-cover img { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 21 / 9; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 4px; }
.art-body { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) min(100% - 2rem, var(--measure)) minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: var(--s6); margin-top: var(--s7); }
.art-body > * { grid-column: 2; }
.rail { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; justify-self: end; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s2); position: sticky; top: var(--s6); align-self: start; }
.rail-btn { width: 44px; height: 44px; display: grid; place-items: center; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--surface); color: var(--ink-2); border-radius: var(--r-btn); cursor: pointer; }
.rail-btn:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }
@media (max-width: 960px) { .rail { display: none; } }

.prose { font-family: var(--f-text); font-size: var(--step-1); line-height: 1.72; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s5); }
.prose:lang(ar) { font-family: var(--f-ar); font-size: 1.375rem; line-height: 2; }
.prose:lang(ur) { font-family: var(--f-ur); font-size: 1.375rem; line-height: 2.3; }
.prose h2 { font-family: var(--f-display); font-weight: 500; font-size: var(--step-3); line-height: 1.15; margin-top: var(--s4); }
.prose h3 { font-family: var(--f-display); font-weight: 600; font-size: var(--step-2); line-height: 1.2; }
.prose:lang(ar) h2, .prose:lang(ar) h3, .prose:lang(ur) h2, .prose:lang(ur) h3 { font-family: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.7; }
.prose ul, .prose ol { margin: 0; padding-inline-start: 1.5em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s2); }
.prose blockquote { margin: 0; padding-inline-start: var(--s5); border-inline-start: 2px solid var(--brand-gold); color: var(--ink-2); }
.prose .pullquote { margin: var(--s4) 0; padding-block: var(--s5); border-top: 1px solid var(--brand-gold); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--brand-gold); font-family: var(--f-display); font-style: italic; font-size: var(--step-3); line-height: 1.3; text-align: center; color: var(--accent-strong); }
.prose hr { border: 0; height: 1px; background: var(--line); margin: var(--s4) 0; width: 100%; }
.prose figure { margin: 0; }
.prose figure img { border-radius: 4px; }
.prose figcaption { font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: var(--s2); }
.prose table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .9375rem; display: block; overflow-x: auto; }
.prose th, .prose td { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); padding: var(--s2) var(--s3); text-align: start; }
.prose mark { background: var(--gold-tint); color: inherit; padding: 0 .1em; }
.prose sup a { font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .75rem; text-decoration: none; }
.prose .callout { padding: var(--s5); background: var(--surface-2); border-radius: 4px; }
.prose.drop > p:first-child::first-letter { float: inline-start; font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: 5.3em; line-height: .8; padding-inline-end: .12em; padding-top: .08em; color: var(--accent-strong); font-weight: 600; }
.ref { padding: var(--s5) var(--s6); background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 2px solid var(--brand-gold); border-radius: 4px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s3); }
.ref.hadith { border-top-color: var(--accent); }
.prose .cited { margin: var(--s2) 0; padding: var(--s5) var(--s6); background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 2px solid var(--brand-gold); border-radius: 4px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s3); }
.prose .cited.hadith { border-top-color: var(--accent); }
.prose .cited.other { border-top-color: var(--line-strong); }
.cited blockquote { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; color: var(--ink); font-size: var(--step-1); line-height: 1.6; }
.cited.quran blockquote:lang(ar), .prose:lang(ar) .cited.quran blockquote { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 2; }
.cited figcaption { font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); }
.prose:lang(ar) .cited figcaption, .prose:lang(ur) .cited figcaption { font-family: inherit; font-size: .95rem; letter-spacing: 0; text-transform: none; }
.ref-label { font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .6875rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .22em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); }
.ref-ar { font-family: var(--f-ar); font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 2; text-align: right; }
.ref-tr { font-size: var(--step-1); line-height: 1.6; }
.ref-cap { font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--muted); }
.grading { align-self: flex-start; font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .75rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); padding: .15rem .6rem; border-radius: var(--r-pill); color: var(--ink-2); }
.sources { padding: var(--s5) var(--s6); background: var(--surface-2); border-radius: 4px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--ink-2); }
.sources h2 { font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .6875rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .24em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); margin: 0 0 var(--s3); }
.sources ol { margin: 0; padding-inline-start: 1.4em; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s2); }
.sources .note { margin-top: var(--s4); font-family: var(--f-ui); font-size: .8125rem; color: var(--muted); }
.react-bar { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: var(--s3); flex-wrap: wrap; padding-block: var(--s5); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); font-family: var(--f-ui); }
.react-bar form { margin: 0; }
.react-btn { min-height: 44px; padding: 0 var(--s5); border: 1px solid var(--accent); background: transparent; color: var(--accent); border-radius: var(--r-btn); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--s2); font: 600 .75rem var(--f-ui); letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; cursor: pointer; }
.react-btn[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--accent); color: var(--paper); }
.author-box { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 4.5rem minmax(0, 1fr); gap: var(--s5); padding: var(--s5); background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--r-card); font-family: var(--f-text); }
.avatar { width: 4.5rem; height: 4.5rem; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--surface-2); display: grid; place-items: center; font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: 1.75rem; color: var(--accent); overflow: hidden; }
.avatar img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.author-box h2 { font-family: var(--f-display); font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 600; }
.comments { font-family: var(--f-ui); display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s4); }
.comment { padding-block: var(--s4); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.comment .who { font-weight: 600; }
.related { background: var(--surface-2); padding-block: var(--s8); margin-top: var(--s8); }
.art-end { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s6); margin-top: var(--s6); }

/* ---- authors ---- */
.author-head { display: flex; gap: var(--s6); align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.author-head h1 { font-family: var(--f-display); font-weight: 500; font-size: var(--step-5); line-height: 1.05; }
.avatar-lg { width: 7.5rem; height: 7.5rem; font-size: 2.75rem; background: var(--brand-deep-2); color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
.native { display: block; font-size: .5em; color: var(--on-deep-muted); }
.lede-sm { font-family: var(--f-text); font-size: var(--step-1); color: var(--on-deep-muted); }
.author-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--s4); }
.author-links a { color: var(--brand-gold-light); }
.author-body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s7); max-width: 52rem; }
.author-card { align-items: flex-start; }

/* ---- plain pages ---- */
.page-head { padding-block: var(--s8) var(--s6); }
.page-head h1 { font-family: var(--f-display); font-weight: 500; font-size: var(--step-5); line-height: 1.05; }
.page-body { padding-bottom: var(--s9); }
.page-body .prose { font-size: 1.0625rem; }
.center-page { min-height: 55vh; display: grid; place-items: center; text-align: center; padding-block: var(--s8); }
.center-page .measure { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: var(--s4); align-items: center; }